Color Theory 101: Understanding Hue, Saturation, and Lightness

To create stunning color palettes, you need more than just hex codes—you need to understand color theory. The HSL model (Hue, Saturation, Lightness) gives you total control over your colors. Let’s break it down.


What is Hue?

Hue refers to the actual color family—like red, blue, or green.

  • Red = 0°
  • Yellow = 60°
  • Blue = 240°

What is Saturation?

Saturation is the intensity or purity of a color.

  • 100% = vivid and bright
  • 0% = gray (no color)

Example: hsl(0, 100%, 50%) = bright red
hsl(0, 0%, 50%) = gray


What is Lightness?

Lightness defines how light or dark a color appears.

  • 0% = black
  • 100% = white
  • 50% = the base color

Why Use HSL Over HEX?

  • Easier to tweak brightness and tone
  • Better for theme switching (e.g., dark/light mode)
  • Helpful in creating shades and tints

Try our HSL to HEX Converter Tool to explore color adjustments visually!

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